The climatic factors include rainfall and water, light, temperature, relative humidity, air, and wind. They are abiotic components, including topography and soil, of the environmental factors that influence plant growth and development.

Abiotic factors include the physical environmental conditions and biotic factors include animals, insects, and diseases. Each plant has certain environmental requirements. To attain the highest potential yields a crop must be grown in an environment that meets these requirements. A crop can be grown with minimal adjustments if it is well-matched with its climate or growing condition. Unfavorable environmental conditions can produce stress on plants resulting in lower yields. In such cases the environment can be artificially modified, such as in greenhouses, to meet the crop requirements.

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